金融保险 BANKING AND INSURANCE BUSINESS



将原来的高度集中的计划金融管理体制改为实行中央银行体制, 以人民银行为领导，专业银行为主体，保险公司、信托投资公司、农村信用社、城市信用社、证券公司等多种金融机构并存和协作的，多层次、多功能的金融组织体系。

 The original highly-concentrated planned banking managing system is

transformed into the Central Bank system, that is , establishing a

cooperative, multi-levelled and multi-functioned banking

organizational system which is bed by the People’s Bank of China,

operated with specialized banks as the main body and supported by

insurance companies, trust investment companies, rural credit

cooperatives, city credit cooperatives and stock companies.



信贷资金运行机制 operational mechanism of credit capitals

实贷实存 actual loans and deposits

融通资金 allocate funds



（银行、商业、消费、国家、民间）信用

 (banking, commercial, consuming, state and non-governmental)credits



商业票据 commercial bills

国家/企业债券 state/enterprises bonds

股票 stocks

大额定期储蓄存单 large amount deposit receipts



全市初步形成了以同业资金拆借市场证券市场和外汇调剂市场为主内容的金融市场体系。

 A banking market system majored by call markets, stock

markets and foreign exchange regulating markets is primarily formed

in the Municipality.



积极发挥利率的经济杠杆作用。扩大了计息范围划分了利率种类和档次实行区别利率同时推行浮动利率。

 Giving full play to the economic lever function of interest rates. Spheres of interest-reckoning are expanded. differentiated interest rates are carried out b dividing interest rates into various kinds and levels. Floating interest rates
are adopted.



允许外汇额度和现汇进行市场调节，价格随行就市。

Market regulations of foreign exchange quotas and cash remittances are

permitted, and prices are changeable according t changes of the market.



统计结算和信息传递

 statistics， account-settling and information transferring



风险责任 risk responsibility

社会保险 social insurance

社会保障 social security

社会福利 social welfare service

失业保险 insurance for the unemployed

退休（养老）金 pensions

生活待遇 material amenities

便民服务 handy service for the public

社会救济对象 people eligible for social relief

社会福利院 social welfare home

财税融资 TAXATION AND FINANCING

财政 revenue and public financing



财政包干 local governments are responsible for their own finance;

fiscal contract responsibility system



财税改革 fiscal and tax reform



分税制 system whereby tax revenues are shared by central and local authorities



利税分流 system whereby state-owned enterprises pay tax plus a

percentage of profits



累进税率 progressive tax rate

税基 tax base



税种（营业税、所得税、增值税、消费税、流转税、关税） category of tax

(business tax, value added tax 〖VAT〗,consumption tax, turnover tax,

tariff)



货币投放 money supply



融资（项目贷款、债券股票融资、集资、游资、经常性贷款、贷款利率、赠款、担保人）

 financing(project financing, financing in the form of bonds and stocks, fund

 raising, idle funds, commercial lending, lending rate, grants, guarantor)



信贷额度 line of credit

买方信贷/卖方信贷 buyer credits/supplier credits

偿还期限 repayment terms

履约保证金 performance guarantee

差额垫支担保 provide shortfall payment guarantee

优惠贷款 soft loan

混合信贷 mixed credits

宽限期 grace period

回流贷款 recycling loan

还本付息 repay principle and pay interest on loans

回收快 gain quick return

回报率 rate or return (ROR)

盈利能力 profitability

规模效益 an economy of scale



信贷规模管理（存款准备金率、中央银行贷款利率、公开市场业务） control over scale of bank credit (reserve ratio on deposits, central bank’s

lending rates, open market operations)



最初设立该机构是为了执行反托拉斯法。制订该项法律的目的在于防止垄断和维护竞争。

 The agency was originally established to enforce antitrust laws. These laws are designed to prevent monopoly and maintain competition.



建立保险金制度和物品储备制度以便平衡供求关系。

 The system of risk-proof fund and material reserve are designed to balance

the supply and demand.



经过15年的努力，中国已经初步完成了价格改革，截止到1992年底，靠市场调节价格的商品已占93%。

 Following 15 years of effort, China has initially completed prices reform. By the end of 1992, commodities subject to market regulation have accounted for 93%.



进一步扩大市场机制的积极作用，以抵消物价上涨对人民生活水平带来的消极影响。

to further expand the positive role of market mechanism in order to offset the

adverse influences of price hikes on the living standard of the people.



采取灵活措施

 exercise flexible measures


政府颁布详尽措施打击欺骗性价格和暴利，相关的执行细则将于4月1日生效。新规定将起到限制与保护的双重作用。

 The government has enacted sweeping moves/measures against gouging

price and staggering/exorbitant/excessive profits, and the related detailed

implementation rules will go into effect on 1st of April. The new

regulations will play a dual role of restriction and protection.



价格波动再次警告我们不要对粮食价格掉以轻心。

Price fluctuation once again warned us not to treat the grain price lightly.